Multi-coloured
and perhaps the only feather in the cap of finance minister Arun Jaitley is supposedly
the banking reforms. Opening of bank accounts, followed by loading of various
insurance and pension benefits was the first part of this narrative.
Proudly the
government wears the certification from Guinness Book of World Records on
opening most bank accounts in a week. It also does not fail to mention that how
increasingly most of these accounts have seen a spurt in deposits thus ensuring
that they do not remain dormant.
Then there
is the unsaid promise that once the government finally gets a hold on hoarders of black money abroad, some of it will flow into these accounts and
the prophecy of Jan Dhan will be fulfilled. Some naysayers, however, predict that the government
may dole out cash in the grab of subsidies at the fag end of its stint. In both cases
it only looks like the proverbial gold pot at the end of the rainbow.
But it was
the second spate of reforms that was said and meant to be more qualitative than
quantitative. In August 2015, the rainbow was launched. Dubbed as Indradhanush,
the government ushered a seven pronged plan to free the public sector banks in
India from the clutches of crony capitalism being pursued during the tenure of previous
government.
Mr Jaitley at
various fora has eulogized these measures as path breaking and that which changed the landscape of banking in this country.
But if you look closely, Mr Jaitley and his lieutenants have only rearranged the VIBGYOR,
with little or no effect.
Through Indradhanush,
the government promised a comprehensive reform in state run lenders. So far, it
has appointed only two private sector candidates in the top five public sector
banks, and one of them had previously worked with country’s largest lender,
State Bank of India.
In line
with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) suggestions, the post of chairman and
managing director has also been split. Though the verdict on appointing private
sector guys and splitting the post is yet to be out, till date none of these newly appointed heads has embarked
upon an innovative approach.
Then comes
the appointment of independent directors, which the government had promised to
do in three months. There has been no movement on that. The proposed bank board
bureau, where members were to be selected in six months has not seen any action
too.
The
government which revamped the selection process of top executive in PSBs and
had cancelled appointments done by previous government has also done little to revolutionize
the selection process. It has only divided the existing selection committee
into three groups and added one more member with rest of the process being mostly
the same.
The
government promised Rs 70,000 crore towards bank capital allocation till FY
2019. It said it has ‘estimated’ the capital needs and that banks valuations
will increase significantly due to ‘far reaching governance reforms’ helping
them to raise the remaining capital from the markets.
The UPA
government in its last stint had allocated around Rs 62,000 crore towards bank
capital allocation when the more stringent Basel norms were yet to be set in and banks
enjoyed the leeway to manage their books and hide their non-performing loans.
If not for
RBI’s asset quality review (AQR), the bad loans may have never tumbled out of
the closet. The AQR directly resulted in most banks reporting losses or a
sharp drop in third-quarter profit. Gross non-performing assets (NPAs) of many
banks have since climbed to nearly 10%, thus stripping them of the government’s
‘estimate’ that they will be able to raise over Rs 1 lakh crore from the
markets.
Step down
from the rainbow, and the banking sector in the country doesn’t look that it
has moved much ahead. There has been no talk of consolidation in public sector
lenders. The weak banks are not to be on the block and the large banks are
still averse to mergers.
Mr. Jaitley
like always may argue that the legacy issues are too big to be sorted out this
quickly. The rainbow, however, mostly comes after a shower, and for now it
looks like it will pour, and pour hard.